Deer overabundance is a contributing factor in the degradation of plant communities and ecosystems worldwide. The management and conservation of the deer-affected ecosystems requires us to urgently grasp deer population trends and to identify the factors that affect them. In this study. we developed a Bayesian state-space model to estimate the population dynamics of sika deer (Cervus ... https://fitnessgravesyardes.shop/product-category/hr-sensor-grip/