Using the TIPEC framework. this study undertook a critical literature analysis. and student survey to explore challenges experienced by higher education institutions during emergency online pedagogies because of disruptions from the COVID-19 outbreak. The study revealed that most higher education institutions are still grappling with getting technicalities in place such as reliable ne... https://www.chiggate.com/snickers-edible-cookie-dough-tub-with-spoon-online-now/