Abstract The internal surface of the bladder is lined by the urothelium. a stratified epithelium that forms an impermeable barrier to water and urine constituents. Abnormalities in the urothelial barrier have been described in certain forms of cystitis and were hypothesized to contribute to irritative voiding symptoms and pain by allowing the permeation of urinary K+ into suburothelia... https://www.deltarenewablepower.com/product-category/grooming-and-care-dog-and-cat-2/